To facilitate sharing information about prognosis with the patient during end-of-life care discussions, clinicians can use the "SPIKES" process (Setting up, Perception, Invitation, Knowledge, Emotions, and Strategy and Summary).
Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario. (2011). SPIKES: A Six Step Strategy for Delivering Bad News (Baile et al., 2000, p. 305-307) of End-of-Life Care During the Last Days and Hours.Toronto, Canada: Author. p 30.
