The Checklist of Nonverbal Pain Indicators (CNPI), was designed to observe and measure pain behaviors in cognitively impaired elders.
Retrieved from: https://www.caltcm.org/assets/Pain-file/checklist%20nonverbal%20pain%20indicators.pdf
Feldt KS. The checklist of nonverbal pain indicators (CNPI). Pain Manag Nurs. 2000 Mar;1(1):13-21. Horgas AL. Assessing pain in persons with dementia. In: Boltz M, series ed. Try This: Best Practices in Nursing Care for Hospitalized Older Adults with Dementia. 2003 Fall;1(2). The Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing. www.hartfordign.org
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